{"id":1726,"date":"2022-06-16T20:21:58","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T20:21:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.ark7.com\/?p=1726"},"modified":"2023-05-18T04:21:44","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T04:21:44","slug":"401k-vs-roth-ira-which-one-is-right-for-me","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/learn\/in-depth\/401k-and-iras\/401k-vs-roth-ira-which-one-is-right-for-me\/","title":{"rendered":"401(k) vs. Roth IRA: Which One is Right for Me?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12\">\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1727\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ark7.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350.png 1000w, https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350-768x269.png 768w, https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350-250x88.png 250w, https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350-550x193.png 550w, https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350-800x280.png 800w, https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350-514x180.png 514w, https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/401_k_vs_roth_ira_header-1000_350-857x300.png 857w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By now, you\u2019ve likely heard the terms 401(k) and Roth IRA over and over again\u2014whether from your parents, online finance bro, or your employer. But, what does it all really mean, and how are you supposed to know which one to invest in? In this guide, we\u2019ll go over the fundamentals of both retirement savings accounts so you can make the most informed decision on which one best suits your future goals.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 900;\">1. What is a 401(k)?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/retirement-plans\/401k-plans\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">401(k) accounts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0are employer-sponsored retirement plans. To contribute to these types of retirement accounts, an employee designates a portion of each paycheck that automatically gets diverted into their 401(k) account. These contributions take place before income taxes and are automatically deducted from the employee\u2019s paycheck.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several different investment options vary from a 401(k) plan to a 401(k) plan and from provider to provider and employer to employer. 401(k) plans usually offer a combination of mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). No matter which type of 401(k) you are enrolled in, investment gains are not taxed by the IRS until you withdraw them \u2014 compared to Roth IRA accounts, of which the qualified withdrawals are never taxed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>1.1. Contribution limits<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The contribution limits for 401(k) accounts are significantly higher than those for Roth IRAs and are as follows for 2022:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$20,500 for workers under age 50.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$27,000 for workers age 50 and up\u2014this includes an allowance for \u201ccatch-up\u201d contributions of an additional $6,500.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\"><b>1.2. Employer match<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In general, the 401(k) is considered the most beneficial when employers offer a match, meaning they contribute additional money to the employee\u2019s account. These matches are typically a percentage of the employee\u2019s contribution, up to a certain percentage of their salary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some employers may match 50% of their employees\u2019 contributions. What\u2019s more, these matches do not count toward the employee\u2019s contribution limit. However, the IRS does cap how much can go into a 401(k) annually, including the employee\u2019s contributions and the employer match.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 401(k)\u00a0combined contribution limits\u00a0for 2022 are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$61,000 in total contributions for employees under 50 years old.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$67,500 for employees 50+ (this includes the previously discussed $6,500 catch-up contribution).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100% of an employee\u2019s annual earnings \u2014 if lower than the dollar amount maximum.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>1.3. Taxes<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contributing to a 401(k) account comes with\u00a0tax breaks and benefits. Employees can deduct their 401(k) contributions when they file their income taxes, which reduces their taxable income, saving them money.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you reach retirement age, you will start paying\u00a0taxes\u00a0and withdrawing from your 401(k) account. These withdrawals, known as distributions, are subject to income taxes at the tax rates upon withdrawals.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>1.4. Required minimum distributions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People with 401(k) accounts must take\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/retirement-plans\/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">required minimum distributions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0or RMDs. This refers to the minimum amount they have to withdraw every year from their 401(k) account in retirement. In a nutshell, you can\u2019t leave all of your funds in your 401(k). If you do, you\u2019ll be subject to a\u00a050% tax penalty\u00a0on the RMD that you did not withdraw. People with 401(k) accounts are required to start taking their RMDs by April 1 of the year after they turn 72 or the year they retire, whichever comes last.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 900;\">2. Pros and cons: 401(k)<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now we\u2019ll take a look at the most significant advantages and disadvantages of 401(k) plans.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>2.1. Pros<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employer match.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contribution limits are higher than Roth IRA accounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The account is maintained by the employer.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>2.2. Cons<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fewer options for investments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RMDs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fees are higher.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 900;\">3. What is a Roth IRA?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now that you know the basics of 401(k) accounts, let\u2019s go over the fundamentals of Roth IRAs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roth IRA accounts are special individual retirement accounts where the contributor pays taxes on the money that goes into their Roth IRA account. The benefit of this is that all future withdrawals are tax-free.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another major difference between Roth IRAs and 401(k)s is that employers are not involved in Roth IRAs. Instead, individuals set these retirement accounts up independently. This provides the added benefit of having more control over your investment options as you aren\u2019t limited to just what your employer\u2019s plan offers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another difference is that after-tax money funds Roth IRA accounts. Therefore, no tax deductions are available during the years contributions or deposits are made. Therefore, you don\u2019t have to worry about your withdrawals during retirement being subject to income taxes. All investment gains are also untaxed while they stay in the Roth IRA account.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\"><b>3.1. Contribution limits<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roth IRA contribution limits are much smaller. The maximum annual contribution for Roth IRA accounts in 2022 is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$6K for people under age 50.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$7K for people 50 or older including $1K catch-up contribution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>3.2. Income limits<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much you can contribute to your Roth IRA varies in part based on your annual earnings. If your income or filing status changes, the allowed contribution amount can be reduced or even phased out until elimination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2022, people who file their taxes as single can make full contributions to their Roth IRA accounts if their income is less than $129,000. If income is between $129-144K, the contributions would be reduced or phased out. People earning more than $144K cannot make any contributions to a Roth IRA account. People who file their taxes jointly with a spouse can make full contributions to their Roth IRA accounts as long as their combined income is less than $204K. Couples with a combined income between $204K and $214K will have their contributions reduced or phased out.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\"><b>3.3. Withdrawals<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roth IRA funds can be withdrawn at any age without taxes or penalties. But, withdrawals on earnings may be subject to income taxes and a 10% penalty\u2014depending on the age of the contributor and their Roth IRA account.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generally speaking, these fees can be avoided if you&#8217;ve had your Roth IRA account open for at least five years and you make the withdrawal:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After you turn 59 1\/2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After a\u00a0permanent disability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To buy, build, or renovate your first home (up to $10K).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After your death, a beneficiary or estate makes the withdrawal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are other\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irs.gov\/taxtopics\/tc557\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">qualified exceptions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0that would allow you to avoid the penalty, but not the tax, if the above requirements are not met.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another difference between 401(k)\u00a0accounts and Roth IRA accounts is that Roth IRAs have no RMDs. So, if you never end up needing the money in your account during retirement, you can simply leave it in there, and it will continue to grow tax-free.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 900;\">4. Pros and Cons: Roth IRA<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now we\u2019ll go over the most significant benefits and disadvantages of Roth IRA accounts.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\"><b>4.1. Pros<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Withdrawals made in retirement are tax-free.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are more investment options.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No RMDs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>4.2. Cons<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lower limits on contributions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Income limits that can prevent you from making contributions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employer match not provided.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 class=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 900;\">5. Final thoughts<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can tell by now, both 401(k) and Roth IRA accounts are retirement savings accounts with their own sets of\u00a0tax advantages,\u00a0investment options, and employer contribution options. The most important similarity between the two types of accounts is that both allow your money to grow tax-free, with the main difference being that 401(k) contributions are pre-tax. In contrast, there are no tax savings or deductions for Roth IRA contributions. But, Roth IRA contributions can be withdrawn tax-free once you retire.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By now, you\u2019ve likely heard the terms 401(k) and Roth IRA over and over again\u2014whether from your parents, online finance bro, or your employer. But, what does it all really mean, and how are you supposed to know which one to invest in? In this guide, we\u2019ll go over the fundamentals of both retirement savings &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/ark7.com\/blog\/learn\/in-depth\/401k-and-iras\/401k-vs-roth-ira-which-one-is-right-for-me\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">401(k) vs. Roth IRA: Which One is Right for Me?<\/span> Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":1728,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[154,78,221],"class_list":["post-1726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-401k-and-iras","tag-retirement","tag-roth-ira","tag-savings"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>401(k) vs. Roth IRA: Choosing the Right Retirement Account<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gain an understanding of the disparities between a 401(k) and a Roth IRA in order to make a well-informed decision about which retirement account is most suitable for your requirements, by comparing factors such as contribution limits, employer matches, tax considerations, and other relevant aspects to align with your specific financial goals.\" 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